Tilmaamayaasha farsamada eepolyacrylamideguud ahaan waa miisaanka kelli, heerka hydrolysis, degree ionic, viscosity, content monomer haraaga, sidaas darteed u qiimee tayada PAM sidoo kale waxaa lagu xukumi karaa tilmaamayaashan!
01Miisaanka Molecular
Miisaanka molecular ee PAM aad buu u sarreeyaa oo si weyn ayaa loo hagaajiyay sannadihii u dambeeyay.PAM, oo la isticmaalayey 1970-meeyadii, ayaa miisaankeedu yahay malaayiin.Laga soo bilaabo 198-tii, miisaanka molecular ee ugu waxtarka badan PAM wuxuu ka badnaa 15 milyan, qaarna waxay gaadheen 20 milyan.Mid kasta oo ka mid ah molecules PAM waxaa laga soo saaray in ka badan boqol kun oo acrylamide ama sodium acrylate molecules (acrylamide waxay leedahay miisaan kelli ah 71, iyo PAM oo leh boqol kun oo monomers ayaa leh miisaan kelli ah 7.1 milyan).
Guud ahaan, PAM oo leh miisaan sare oo unugyo ah ayaa leh waxqabadka qulqulka wanaagsan, oo leh miisaanka molecular ee 71 ee acrylamide iyo 7.1 milyan ee PAM oo ka kooban 100,000 monomers.Miisaanka molecular ee polyacrylamide iyo waxyaabaha ka soo jeeda boqolaal kun ilaa in ka badan 10 milyan, marka loo eego miisaanka kelli waxa loo qaybin karaa miisaan yar oo kelli ah (ka hooseeya 1 milyan), miisaanka unugyada dhexe (1 milyan ilaa 10 milyan), miisaan unugyo sare leh. (10 milyan ilaa 15 milyan), culeyska unugyadu (in ka badan 15 milyan).
Miisaanka kelli ee maadada organic macromolecular, xitaa isla badeecada ma aha mid si buuxda isku mid ah, miisaanka molecular magaciisu waa celceliskiisa.
02Heerka hydrolysis iyo heerka ion
Darajada ionic ee PAM waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay saameynteeda isticmaalka, laakiin qiimaha ku habboon waxay ku xiran tahay nooca iyo dabeecadda maaddada lagu daaweeyay, waxaa jiri doona qiyamyo kala duwan oo wanaagsan marka loo eego xaalado kala duwan.Haddii xoogga ionic ee maaddada lagu daweeyey ay sareeyso (oo ay ku jiraan walxo badan oo aan dabiici ahayn), heerka ionic ee PAM waa inuu ahaadaa mid sarreeya, liddi ku ah, waa inuu ahaadaa mid hooseeya.Guud ahaan, heerka anion waxaa loo yaqaan heerka hydrolysis.Iyo shahaadada ionic guud ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa cations.
Ionicity = n/(m+n)*100%
PAM-ka la soo saaray marxaladii hore waxaa laga sameeyay monomer polyacrylamide, kaas oo aan ku jirin kooxda -COONa.Kahor intaan la isticmaalin, NaOH waa in lagu daraa oo la kululeeyaa si loo nadiifiyo qayb ka mid ah kooxda -CONH2 ilaa -COONa.Isla'egta waa sida soo socota:
-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONa + NH3↑
Gaaska Ammonia waxa la sii daayaa inta lagu jiro biyo-saarid.Saamiga kooxda amide hydrolysis ee PAM waxaa loo yaqaan heerka hydrolysis ee PAM, taas oo ah heerka anion.Isticmaalka PAM ee noocan ah maaha mid ku habboon, waxqabadkuna waa mid liidata (kululaynta kuleylka ayaa ka dhigi doonta miisaanka molecular iyo waxqabadka PAM si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay), ayaa si dhif ah loo isticmaalay tan iyo 1980-yadii.
Wax soo saarka casriga ah ee PAM wuxuu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan oo ah alaabooyinka shahaadada anion, isticmaaluhu wuxuu awood u yeelan karaa iyadoo loo eegayo baahida iyo iyada oo loo marayo imtixaanka dhabta ah si uu u doorto noocyada ku habboon, uma baahna hydrolysis, ka dib marka la kala diro ayaa la isticmaali karaa.Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababo caado ah, dadka qaar ayaa wali u tixraaca habka kala dirida flocculants sida hydrolysis.Waa in la ogaadaa in macnaha hydrolysis uu yahay burburka biyaha, taas oo ah falcelinta kiimikada.Hydrolysis ee PAM waxay leedahay gaaska ammonia oo la sii daayay;Kala diriddu waa fal jidheed oo keliya, ma laha fal-celin kiimiko.Labadu asal ahaan way kala duwan yihiin mana aha in la isku khaldo.
03Waxa ku jira monomer-ka haraaga ah
Mawduuca monomer-ka hadha ee PAM waxa uu tilmaamayaa waxa ku jiraacrylamide monomerin polymerization acrylamide galay polyacrylamide habka falcelinta aan dhamaystirnayn iyo ugu dambeyntii hadhaaga alaabta acrylamide.Waa halbeeg muhiim ah oo lagu cabbirayo inay ku habboon tahay warshadaha cuntada iyo in kale.Polyacrylamide ma aha sun, laakiin acrylamide waxa uu leeyahay xoogaa sun ah.Polyacrylamide warshadaha, way adagtahay in laga fogaado raadadka haraaga ah ee acrylamide monomer.Sidaa darteed, waxa ku jira monomer-ka hadhaaga ah ee ku jiraAlaabooyinka PAMwaa in si adag loo xakameeyaa.Qadarka monomer-ka hadhaaga ah ee PAM ee loo isticmaalo biyaha la cabbo iyo warshadaha cuntada looma oggola in uu dhaafo 0.05% caalamka.Qiimaha badeecadaha shisheeye ee caanka ah ayaa ka hooseeya 0.03%.
04viscosity
Xalka PAM waa mid aad u muuqda.Markasta oo uu sareeyo miisaanka molecular ee PAM, waa ka sii weynaanshiyaha xalka.Tani waa sababta oo ah makromolecules PAM waa silsilado dheer, oo khafiif ah oo iska caabin weyn u leh inay dhex maraan xalka.Nuxurka viscosity waa in uu ka tarjumayo cabbirka xoogga is jiid jiidka ee xalka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan isku-xirnaanta isku-dhafka gudaha.Viscosity ee xalka dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee maadada organic polymer waa mid sare oo kordhiya kororka miisaanka kelli.Habka lagu go'aamiyo miisaanka molecular ee maadada organic polymer, waa in la go'aamiyo viscosity of fiirsashada xal gaar ah xaaladaha qaarkood, ka dibna sida waafaqsan qaacido gaar ah si loo xisaabiyo ay miisaan kelli, loo yaqaan "viscose celceliska miisaanka kelli".
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-12-2023