Ilaha ugu muhiimsan iyo sifooyinka biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha

Warshad lagu daweeyo biyaha/qashin-qashinka

Wax soo saarka dhirta lagu daweeyo bulaacadaha ayaa ah soosaarka qashinka oo ay ku jiraan wasakh badan oo suurtagal ah. Xataa biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay ee koloriin lagu sameeyay waxa ku jiri kara jeermiska jeermiska dila sida trihalomethane iyo haloacetic acid. Haraaga adag ee dhirta lagu daweeyo bulaacada, loo yaqaan biosolids, waxaa ku jira bacrimiyeyaasha caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku jiri karaan biro culus iyo xeryahooda organic synthetic ee laga helo alaabta guriga.

Wax-soo-saarka kiimikaad

Warshadaha kiimikaad waxa ay wajahaan caqabado la taaban karo oo ku xeeran deegaanka si loo daaweeyo dareeraha biyaha wasakhda ah. Wasakhowga ay sii daayaan wershadaha batroolka iyo dhirta kiimikaad waxaa ka mid ah wasakhowga caadiga ah sida saliidaha iyo dufanka iyo adkaha la hakiyey, iyo sidoo kale ammonia, chromium, phenol iyo sulfides.

Warshada tamarta
Kaalmaha shidaalka laga dhaliyo, gaar ahaan kuwa dhuxusha laga shido, ayaa ah isha ugu weyn ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan ayaa soo daaya biyaha wasakhda ah ee ay ku jiraan heerar sare oo bir ah sida rasaas, meerkuri, cadmium iyo chromium, iyo sidoo kale xeryahooda arsenic, selenium iyo nitrogen (nitrates iyo nitrites). Dhirta leh kontaroolada wasakhowga hawada, sida xoqida qoyan, waxay inta badan u wareejiyaan wasakhowga la qabtay durdurrada biyaha wasakhda ah.

Soosaarka birta/birta
Biyaha loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka birta waxaa loo isticmaalaa qaboojinta iyo kala soocida alaabta. Waxay ku wasakhaysan tahay alaabada sida ammonia iyo cyanide inta lagu jiro habka beddelka bilowga ah. Qulqulka qashinka waxaa ka mid ah benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenol iyo cresol. Samaynta birta iyo birta ee taarikada, fiilooyinka, ama baararka waxay u baahan tahay biyo sidii subaga iyo qaboojiye, iyo sidoo kale dareeraha hadhidarooliga, subagga, iyo adkaha adag. Biyaha birta galvanized waxay u baahan yihiin hydrochloric iyo sulfuric acid. Biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa ka mid ah biyaha aashitada lagu dhaqo iyo aashitada wasakhda ah. Inta badan biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha birta waxa ay ku wasakhaysan yihiin dareereyaal hawooreed, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano saliidaha milmay.

Warshada farsamaynta birta
Qashinka ka yimaada hawlaha dhamaystirka biraha inta badan waa dhoobo (caro) oo ay ku jiraan biro lagu milmay dareere. Hawlaha wax soo saarka ee birta, dhamaystirka birta iyo daabacaadda looxa (PCB) waxay soo saaraan tiro badan oo ciid ah oo ay ku jiraan hydroxide bir ah sida ferric hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, copper hydroxide iyo aluminium hydroxide. Biyaha wasakhda ah ee birta dhammeeya waa in lagu daweeyaa si loogu hoggaansamo dhammaan xeerarka lagu dabaqi karo iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay saameynta deegaanka iyo bani-aadmiga/xoolaha qashinkan.

Dharka warshadaha
Warshadaha adeega dharka ee ganacsigu waxa ay la macaamilaan dhar aad u badan sanad walba ka hor inta aan la soo saarin.

Warshadaha macdanta
Dabada miinadu waa isku dhafka biyo iyo dhagax jajaban oo ka soo hara ka saarista meelaha macdanta ah, sida dahabka ama qalinka, inta lagu jiro hawlaha macdanta. Si wax ku ool ah oo dabada miinada loo tuuro ayaa caqabad muhiim ah ku ah shirkadaha macdanta. Dawadu waa mas'uuliyad deegaan iyo sidoo kale caqabad qiimo leh iyo fursad lagu dhimayo kharashka gaadiidka iyo tuurista. Daawaynta saxda ah waxay baabi'in kartaa baahida barkadaha dabada.

Saliida iyo gaaska jajabinta
Biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka yimaadda qodista gaaska dhogorta waxaa loo arkaa wasakh khatar ah waana milix aad u sarreeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, biyaha lagu qaso kiimikooyinka warshadaha ee ceelasha la isku duro si loo fududeeyo qodista waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo sodium, magnesium, iron, barium, strontium, manganese, methanol, chlorine, sulfate iyo walxo kale. Inta lagu jiro qodista, walxaha shucaaca ee dabiiciga ah ayaa ku soo noqda dusha sare oo ay la socdaan biyaha. Biyaha jajabka ah waxay sidoo kale ku jiri karaan hydrocarbons, oo ay ku jiraan sunta sida benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene iyo xylene kuwaas oo la sii deyn karo marka la qodayo.

Habaynta cuntada
Isku dhafka sunta cayayaanka, cayayaanka, qashinka xoolaha iyo bacriminta cuntada iyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee beeraha dhamaantood waxay u baahan yihiin in la maareeyo. Habka diyaarinta cuntada ee alaabta ceyriinka ah, jidhka biyuhu waxa ka buuxsamaya culays badan oo ah walxaha qaybsan iyo dareeraha walxaha dabiiciga ah ee milmay ama kiimikooyinka. Qashinka dabiiciga ah ee ka yimaada gawraca xoolaha iyo habaynta, dareeraha jidhka, walxaha xiidmaha iyo dhiigga ayaa ah dhammaan ilaha wasakhaysan biyaha ee u baahan in la daweeyo.